From 12641cba911fa43a81c996453c2b4757ea2bcc53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rowan Torbitzky-Lane <rowan.a.tl@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2025 11:30:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] part of ch15.02 done

---
 ch15/boxt/Cargo.lock        |  7 +++++
 ch15/boxt/Cargo.toml        |  6 ++++
 ch15/boxt/src/main.rs       | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++
 ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.lock  |  7 +++++
 ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.toml  |  6 ++++
 ch15/sect-deref/src/main.rs | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 113 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 ch15/boxt/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 ch15/boxt/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 ch15/boxt/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 ch15/sect-deref/src/main.rs

diff --git a/ch15/boxt/Cargo.lock b/ch15/boxt/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56fa3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch15/boxt/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "boxt"
+version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/ch15/boxt/Cargo.toml b/ch15/boxt/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0af3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch15/boxt/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "boxt"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/ch15/boxt/src/main.rs b/ch15/boxt/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4c92e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch15/boxt/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//! Most straight forward smart pointer is a box, `Box<t>`.
+//! Use boxes most often when:
+//! 1) When have type whose size not known at compile time
+//!    and want to use value of said type in a context
+//!    that requires an exact size
+//! 2) When have large amount of data and want to transfer
+//!    ownership but ensure data won't be copied
+//! 3) When want to own a value and only care it implements
+//!    a particular trait rather than being of a specific type
+
+use crate::List::{Cons, Nil};
+
+enum List {
+    // Because Box<T> is a pointer, Rust knows how much
+    // space a Box<T> needs.
+    Cons(i32, Box<List>),
+    Nil,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let b = Box::new(5);
+    println!("b = {b}");
+
+    // enabling recursive types with Boxes
+    // Recursive types an issue because Rust needs to know
+    // how much space a type takes up. Boxes have a known size
+    // so can enable recursive types by inserting a box in
+    // the recursive type definition. Basically Haskell.
+    // That's it, time to rewrite the ghc in Rust.
+    let list = Cons(1, Box::new(Cons(2, Box::new(Cons(3, Box::new(Nil))))));
+}
diff --git a/ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.lock b/ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93b5392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sect-deref"
+version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.toml b/ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cf7888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch15/sect-deref/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "sect-deref"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/ch15/sect-deref/src/main.rs b/ch15/sect-deref/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b28b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch15/sect-deref/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Implementing Deref allows customization of the * operator.
+
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+// defining our own smart pointer
+// for struct MyBox and its implementation
+struct MyBox<T>(T);
+
+impl<T> MyBox<T> {
+    fn new(x: T) -> MyBox<T> {
+        MyBox(x)
+    }
+}
+
+// treating a type like a reference by implementing the Deref trait
+// impl section
+impl<T> Deref for MyBox<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        // This is a tuple with one element inside of a box??
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // following the pointer to the value
+    let x = 5;
+    let y = &x;
+
+    // *y to follow the reference to the value in x.
+    assert_eq!(5, x);
+    assert_eq!(5, *y);
+
+    // Using Box<T> like a reference
+    let x = 5;
+    let y = Box::new(x);
+
+    assert_eq!(5, x);
+    assert_eq!(5, *y);
+
+    // defining our own smart pointer
+    let x = 5;
+    let y = MyBox::new(x);
+
+    assert_eq!(5, x);
+    assert_eq!(5, *y);
+
+    // Implicit deref coercions with functions and methods
+
+    // deref coercion converts a reference to a type that implements
+    // Deref trait into a reference to another type.
+
+    // stopped here:
+    // https://rust-book.cs.brown.edu/ch15-02-deref.html#implicit-deref-coercions-with-functions-and-methods
+}